CBO Budget Outlook Review

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has released its budget forecast for the next ten years and the prognostication is not tethered to reality, according to one critic. Tim Iacono notes that CBO analysts believe the big picture translates into fewer policy decisions in the future to the high level of federal debt, but he argues the real trouble is that an increase in GDP and lower unemployment will have to rely on the inflation of an asset bubble that will make the last 15 years look small by comparison. For more on this continue reading the following article from Iacono Research. 

The first page of The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2013 to 2023 from the Congressional Budget Office contains the following summary charts that tell you quite a bit about how this group sees our future.

What’s interesting about the first chart is that it’s being interpreted in two very distinct ways. Some say, “See there! The debt is stabilizing. There’s no need to do anything more.” while others (including the CBO) conclude, “This high level of debt will restrict policy choices during any future crisis”.

A small minority (including myself) think that the lower two graphics are the more important parts of this report since, for all the wrangling over taxes, spending, and debt that go into the numerator of the debt-to-GDP equation, the denominator gets far too little attention.

There is clearly no recognition that the U.S. has come to the end of a multi-decade credit boom that has goosed both economic growth and employment. Moreover, about the only way we’ll return to “trend growth” and a 5 percent jobless rate by 2017 is to inflate an even bigger (and, ultimately, more destructive) asset bubble than what we’ve seen over the last 15 years and this is clearly not factored into any of this forecast.

This article was republished with permission from Tim Iacono. 

Government Spending, GDP Drops

A 22% decline in government defense spending is being blamed for a 0.1% drop in the country’s GDP in the fourth quarter of 2012, while consumer spending grew at a 2.2% annual rate in the same period. Investment was also up in the fourth quarter, particularly in the housing sector, and overall performance is trending toward an overall GDP gain of as much as 3% over the coming year. Inflation, which was once thought to be a significant threat, actually moved lower and experts note that statistics point to there being no real impact from “fiscal cliff” concerns during the quarter. For more on this continue reading the following article from Economist’s View.

Dean Baker on todays' news the GDP shrank in the 4th quarer of last year:

Falling Government Spending and Inventories Push Growth Negative in Quarter, by Dean Baker: A sharp drop in government spending, heavily concentrated in defense, coupled with a decline in inventories caused GDP to shrink at a 0.1 percent rate in the 4th quarter. Government spending fell at a 6.6 percent annual rate, driven by a 22.2 percent decline in defense spending, subtracting 1.33 percentage points from the growth rate in the quarter. A 40.3 drop in the rate of inventory accumulation reduced growth by another 1.27 percentage points. Without these factors, GDP would have grown at a 2.5 percent annual rate in the quarter.

Pulling out these extraordinary factors, the GDP data were largely in line with prior quarters. Consumption grew at a 2.2 percent annual rate, driven mostly by 13.9 percent growth in durable goods purchases, primarily cars. This number was inflated due to the effects of Sandy, which destroyed many cars, forcing people to buy new ones. Growth in this category will be substantially weaker and possibly negative in the next quarter. On the other side, housing and utilities subtracted 0.47 percentage points from growth in the quarter. This is likely a global warming effect with warmer than normal weather leading to less use of heating in the quarter. (There was a comparable falloff in the 4th quarter of 2011 when we also had unusually warm weather.)

One especially noteworthy item is the continuing slow pace in the growth of spending on health care services, which accounts for almost three quarters of all health care spending. Nominal spending grew at a just a 2.3 percent annual rate in the quarter. Over the last year, nominal spending is up by just 1.8 percent, far less than the rate of growth of GDP, and well below the projections from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). It seems increasingly likely that we are on a slower health care cost trajectory. The deficit picture will look very different when CBO incorporates this slower growth trend into its projections.

Investment rebounded from a weak third quarter in which non-residential investment actually shrank. This quarter it added 0.83 percentage points to growth, with investment in equipment and software growing at a 12.4 percent rate. Housing continued to be a big positive in the quarter, adding 0.36 percentage points to growth.

Net exports were a modest drag on growth. While both exports and imports fell in the quarter, the 5.7 percent drop in exports more than offset the positive impact of a 3.2 percent decline in imports. The state and local sector government sector shrank at a 0.7 percent annual rate, knocking 0.08 percentage points off growth. Non-defense federal spending rose at a 1.4 percent annual rate.

The inflation hawks will be disappointed in this report with the overall price index rising at just a 0.6 percent annual rate. The core CPE rose at a 0.9 percent rate. Insofar as there is any trend in these data it is toward lower inflation.

One interesting item in the report was a $122.90 jump (85.2 percent at an annual rate) in dividend payouts. This was the result of companies deciding to pay out dividends to shareholders in 2012 when a lower tax rate was in effect on high-income taxpayers.

There is little evidence in this report to believe that the economy will diverge sharply from a 2.5- 3.0 percent growth path, except for the impact of the deficit reductions that Congress is considering or already put in place. Higher tax collections from the ending of the payroll tax holiday are likely to knock around 0.5 percentage points from growth. The sequester, or whatever cuts are put in place in lieu of the sequester, are likely to have an even larger impact on growth beginning in the second quarter.

One item worth noting is the GDP report provides zero evidence that "fiscal cliff" concerns had any impact on growth in the quarter. Consumer durable purchases and investment in equipment and software were the two strongest components of GDP. If worries over the fiscal cliff were supposed to cause people to put off purchases, consumers and businesses apparently did not get the memo.

Nevertheless, with the slow recovery of output and employment all is not well no matter how we spin the numbers. We need more spending on infrastructure to help with the recovery.

This article was republished with permission from The Economist's View.

EURUSD and USDJPY Could Be Affected by U.S. Government Shutdown

As budget negotiations continue between Democrats and Republicans, there is fear that a government shutdown may be inevitable. This leads some to wonder how currency will be impacted. Read more about this in the full post by Kathy Lien.

There has been a lot of talk about the possibility of a U.S. government shutdown. Republicans and Democrats in Washington continue to clash on budget negotiations, raising the risk of the first government shutdown since 1995 during the Clinton Administration. Congressional leaders are in deep discussions and a shutdown could be avoided, but with the U.S. government telling federal agencies to be prepared to implement contingency plans, it is important for currency traders to be prepared as well by knowing how the U.S. dollar could react to the shutdown.

We have been down this road before 15 years ago and based upon the price action of the EUR/USD and USD/JPY at the time, investors are not too worried about the implications of a government shutdown on the economy. When the government was shut down in Nov 1995, both the EUR/USD and USD/JPY barely budged. When a second shutdown occurred during the Clinton Administration in December of that year, the dollar actually rallied against the Japanese Yen before normal government operations were resumed. The main reason is because any shutdown is expected to be so temporary that it will pose no risk to the U.S. sovereign debt rating. It will also not scare investors away from buying U.S. debt. The only major economic implication is that Federal workers won’t be paid during the period that the government is shut down. If an agreement isn’t reached by midnight on Friday, the government will shut down all non-essential government services.



This blog was republished with permission from Kathy Lien.